Artificial Life (AL) and Complex Adaptive Systems (CAS) represent interrelated fields that explore how individual, relatively simple entities – be they digital organisms, autonomous agents or ...
Fleming, L., and O. Sorenson. "Technology as a Complex Adaptive System: Evidence from Patent Data." Research Policy 30, no. 7 (August 2001).
Scientists studied the adaptive immune system as a kind of artificial intelligence that can be trained to produce the correct response to invasion by pathogens. This work may lead to more effective ...